Independent cart systems are poised to transform traditional conveyor-belt technology. These systems offer numerous advantages, including enhanced flexibility and dynamic capabilities, making them ideal for a wide range of industrial and motion control applications. Composed of modular components such as linear motors, guide rails, and control circuitry, independent cart systems provide adaptability and efficiency. Linear motors within these systems are available in both straight and curved modules, allowing for diverse path configurations tailored to specific industrial requirements. A notable advantage of independent cart systems is their capacity to define the entire track in stations, thereby enabling distinct speed profiles for each cart at every station. Despite the considerable benefits offered by these systems over conventional conveyors, economic concerns persist. The high cost and substantial upfront investment required for independent cart systems pose challenges to their widespread adoption. To ensure economic viability, these systems must operate flawlessly, necessitating the implementation of robust condition-monitoring measures for sustained performance. Although independent cart systems are rapidly replacing conveyor belt systems, there are few studies focused on the condition monitoring of such systems. Owing to the confidentiality surrounding these systems, often protected by non-disclosure agreements, there is no repository or public database available for vibration, acoustic, or other data related to independent cart systems for conducting condition monitoring. Consequently, to the best of our knowledge, there is a significant gap in research on the condition monitoring of independent cart systems. This scarcity of research and data necessary for condition monitoring serves as the primary motivation for this study. Furthermore, another motivation for this research arises from the inherent challenges associated with the condition monitoring of these systems. Condition monitoring of independent cart systems presents formidable challenges for several reasons. First, it is a highly non-synchronous system with speed variations ranging from a few millimeters per second to several meters per second. Additionally, the system supports speed reversal, allowing changes in direction. Furthermore, with the addition of each cart to the fleet, the number of bearings increased by three. Given that each cart may contain several bearings and that there are hundreds of carts in the fleet, the condition monitoring of independent cart systems becomes complex. This monitoring process can be divided into several steps: first, identifying whether there is a fault; second, determining the type of fault (such as inner race, outer race, or ball fault); third, distinguishing whether the top or bottom bearing is faulty; and fourth, localizing the cart carrying the faulty bearing.

I sistemi a carrelli indipendenti (Independent Cart Systems, ICS) sono destinati a trasformare la tradizionale tecnologia dei nastri trasportatori. Questi sistemi offrono numerosi vantaggi, tra cui una maggiore flessibilità e capacità dinamiche, rendendoli ideali per un’ampia gamma di applicazioni industriali e di controllo del movimento. Composti da componenti modulari come motori lineari, guide e circuiti di controllo, gli ICS garantiscono adattabilità ed efficienza. I motori lineari all’interno di questi sistemi sono disponibili sia in moduli rettilinei sia curvilinei, consentendo configurazioni di percorso diversificate in base alle specifiche esigenze industriali. Un vantaggio notevole degli ICS è la possibilità di definire l’intero tracciato in stazioni, permettendo profili di velocità distinti per ogni carrello in ciascuna stazione. Nonostante i considerevoli benefici rispetto ai nastri trasportatori convenzionali, permangono preoccupazioni di natura economica. L’elevato costo e il consistente investimento iniziale richiesti per l’implementazione degli ICS costituiscono una sfida alla loro diffusione su larga scala. Per garantirne la sostenibilità economica, tali sistemi devono operare senza guasti, rendendo indispensabile l’adozione di solidi strumenti di condition monitoring per mantenere prestazioni costanti nel tempo. Sebbene gli ICS stiano rapidamente sostituendo i sistemi a nastro, sono pochi gli studi dedicati al monitoraggio delle loro condizioni operative. A causa della riservatezza che circonda questi sistemi, spesso protetti da accordi di non divulgazione (NDA), non esiste alcun archivio o database pubblico che contenga dati vibrazionali, acustici o di altra natura utili per il condition monitoring. Di conseguenza, per quanto a nostra conoscenza, esiste un notevole vuoto di ricerca in questo ambito. Questa scarsità di studi e di dati necessari per il monitoraggio costituisce la principale motivazione del presente lavoro. Un’ulteriore motivazione deriva dalle difficoltà intrinseche associate al condition monitoring di tali sistemi. Il monitoraggio delle condizioni negli ICS è particolarmente complesso per diverse ragioni: in primo luogo, si tratta di un sistema altamente non sincrono, con variazioni di velocità che spaziano da pochi millimetri al secondo fino a diversi metri al secondo. Inoltre, il sistema consente l’inversione del moto, permettendo cambi di direzione. Con l’aggiunta di ogni nuovo carrello alla flotta, il numero totale di cuscinetti aumenta di tre. Considerando che ogni carrello può includere diversi cuscinetti e che la flotta complessiva può comprendere centinaia di carrelli, il monitoraggio delle condizioni diventa un compito estremamente complesso. Tale processo può essere suddiviso in varie fasi: individuare la presenza di un guasto; determinarne la tipologia (ad esempio difetto dell’anello interno, esterno o delle sfere); identificare se il cuscinetto guasto si trova nella parte superiore o inferiore; e infine localizzare il carrello che ospita il cuscinetto difettoso.

Tecniche di Modellazione Ibrida per il Monitoraggio delle Condizioni in Applicazioni di Controllo del Movimento / Abdul Jabbar , 2026 Mar 27. 37. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2023/2024.

Tecniche di Modellazione Ibrida per il Monitoraggio delle Condizioni in Applicazioni di Controllo del Movimento

JABBAR, ABDUL
2026

Abstract

Independent cart systems are poised to transform traditional conveyor-belt technology. These systems offer numerous advantages, including enhanced flexibility and dynamic capabilities, making them ideal for a wide range of industrial and motion control applications. Composed of modular components such as linear motors, guide rails, and control circuitry, independent cart systems provide adaptability and efficiency. Linear motors within these systems are available in both straight and curved modules, allowing for diverse path configurations tailored to specific industrial requirements. A notable advantage of independent cart systems is their capacity to define the entire track in stations, thereby enabling distinct speed profiles for each cart at every station. Despite the considerable benefits offered by these systems over conventional conveyors, economic concerns persist. The high cost and substantial upfront investment required for independent cart systems pose challenges to their widespread adoption. To ensure economic viability, these systems must operate flawlessly, necessitating the implementation of robust condition-monitoring measures for sustained performance. Although independent cart systems are rapidly replacing conveyor belt systems, there are few studies focused on the condition monitoring of such systems. Owing to the confidentiality surrounding these systems, often protected by non-disclosure agreements, there is no repository or public database available for vibration, acoustic, or other data related to independent cart systems for conducting condition monitoring. Consequently, to the best of our knowledge, there is a significant gap in research on the condition monitoring of independent cart systems. This scarcity of research and data necessary for condition monitoring serves as the primary motivation for this study. Furthermore, another motivation for this research arises from the inherent challenges associated with the condition monitoring of these systems. Condition monitoring of independent cart systems presents formidable challenges for several reasons. First, it is a highly non-synchronous system with speed variations ranging from a few millimeters per second to several meters per second. Additionally, the system supports speed reversal, allowing changes in direction. Furthermore, with the addition of each cart to the fleet, the number of bearings increased by three. Given that each cart may contain several bearings and that there are hundreds of carts in the fleet, the condition monitoring of independent cart systems becomes complex. This monitoring process can be divided into several steps: first, identifying whether there is a fault; second, determining the type of fault (such as inner race, outer race, or ball fault); third, distinguishing whether the top or bottom bearing is faulty; and fourth, localizing the cart carrying the faulty bearing.
Hybrid Modelling Techniques for Condition Monitoring of Motion Control Applications
27-mar-2026
COCCONCELLI, Marco
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1400038
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